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Yum Source Configuration

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Yum Source Configuration

一、yum源概述

Yellowdog Updater Modified (YUM)

Wiki -> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yum_(software)

㈠ yum源的作用

软件包管理器，类似360的软件管家；

yum仓库：1.自动下载、各种rpm包 2.自动解决依赖关系；

㈡ yum源的优点 能够解决软件包之间的依赖关系，提高运维人员的工作效率。

㈢ yum源的分类

1、本地yum源

yum仓库在本地（系统光盘/镜像文件）

2、网络yum源

yum仓库不在本地，在远程服务器

国内较知名的网络源（aliyun源，163源，sohu源，知名大学开源镜像等）

国外较知名的网络源（centos源、redhat源、扩展epel源等）

特定软件相关的网络源（Nginx、MySQL、Zabbix等）

二、YUM 源配置

本地yum源配置

1、本地需要有仓库 ① 虚拟光驱装载镜像文件 image-20220207135938215

② 将光盘挂载到本地目录

/mnt 操作系统默认的挂载点

mount [挂载选项] 需要挂载的设备 挂载点

手动挂载光盘到/mnt

lsblk 查看当前系统所有的设备文件

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[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z ~]# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vda    253:0    0  40G  0 disk
└─vda1 253:1    0  40G  0 part /
[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z ~]#

mount -o ro /dev/sr0 /mnt

注意：手动挂载后，系统重启需要再次手动挂载

mount -o ro /dev/sr0 /mnt

选项说明：

-o ：挂载方式，ro代表以readonly=>只读的方式进行挂载 rw代表以read/write=>读写的方式进行挂载

③ 开机自动挂载 /etc/rc.local，属于系统的开机启动文件。系统启动后，会自动加载并执行这个文件

修改/etc/rc.local文件

/etc/rc.local 操作系统开机最后读取的一个文件

写入一行配置信息到该文件

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# echo "mount -o ro /dev/sr0 /mnt" >> /etc/rc.local
[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z ~]# echo "mount -o ro /dev/sr0 /mnt" >> /etc/rc.local
[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z ~]# 
[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z ~]# 
[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z ~]# cat /etc/rc.local 
#!/bin/bash
# THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES
#
# It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules
# to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.
#
# In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot
# this script will NOT be run after all other services.
#
# Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure
# that this script will be executed during boot.

touch /var/lock/subsys/local
mount -o ro /dev/sr0 /mnt
[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z ~]#

2、修改配置文件指向本地仓库

① 备份yum仓库文件

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[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z yum.repos.d]# tar -zcf repo.tgz *.repo
[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z yum.repos.d]# 
[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo      CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo  epel-testing.repo  rpmorphan-1.14-1.noarch.rpm
CentOS-Base.repo.bak  CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Vault.repo    local.repo
CentOS-CR.repo        CentOS-Media.repo      epel.repo            repo.tgz
[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z yum.repos.d]# 
[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z yum.repos.d]# rm -rf *.repo
[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z yum.repos.d]# 
[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z yum.repos.d]# 
[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo.bak  repo.tgz  rpmorphan-1.14-1.noarch.rpm
[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z yum.repos.d]#

① 配置文件存放路径

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[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/ -d
/etc/yum.repos.d/

② 修改配置文件 image-20220207141438168

[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/ -d /etc/yum.repos.d/ [root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo [root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z ~]# [root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z ~]# [root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo [local] name=local yum repo baseurl=file:///mnt enabled=1 gpgcheck=0

[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z ~]# image-20220207140938802

看看系统给的repo语法是什么

说明： baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/ $basearch表示当前系统cpu架构，如果系统是32位会找32位软件包；如果64位会找64位软件包 image-20220207141120922

③验证本地yum源

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[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z yum.repos.d]# 
[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Bad id for repo: root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z ~, byte = @ 4
Cleaning repos: local
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z yum.repos.d]# 
[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z yum.repos.d]# 
[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Bad id for repo: root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z ~, byte = @ 4
Determining fastest mirrors
local                                                                                                        | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
(1/4): local/group_gz                                                                                        | 166 kB  00:00:00     
(2/4): local/filelists_db                                                                                    | 3.1 MB  00:00:00     
(3/4): local/primary_db                                                                                      | 3.1 MB  00:00:00     
(4/4): local/other_db                                                                                        | 1.3 MB  00:00:00     
Metadata Cache Created
[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z yum.repos.d]# 
[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z yum.repos.d]# 
[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z yum.repos.d]# 
[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z yum.repos.d]# yum list|wc -l
Bad id for repo: root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z ~, byte = @ 4
4037
[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z yum.repos.d]#

重新安装一个软件，如

[root@iZ7xv0pw76zi75nqelv576Z yum.repos.d]# yum reinstall lrzsz

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